Neurology and Neurological Disorders

Neurosciences is the study of the Nervous system. Clinical Neuroscience which is the branch of Neuroscience, deals with the mechanisms underlying the diseases and disorders of central nervous system. It also involves the diagnosis and treatment methods for the existing neurological implications in patients. Thus research is going on to develop novel methods for the treatment of these disorders. 

Alzheimer disease is neurological disorder which could cause the neurodegeneration of nerves. The major symptom that are involved in the Alzheimer includes short-term memory loss. As the disease enters into the later stages of Alzheimer, the patient starts facing problem with language, disorientation, behavioral changes and loss of motivation.

Parkinson Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, that leads to deterioration of the motor neuron functions. This loss in function generally occurs due to loss of production of neurotransmitter known as dopamine from the brain cells. 

• Treatment for Parkinson Disease
• Diagnosis for Parkinson Disease
• Brain Cell Death
• Animal models used for Parkinson Disease

Neurology can be defined as the study of nervous system as well as diseases related with the central nervous system including brain and spinal cord. The Central Nervous System controls the coordination activities of the body. 

• General Neurology
• Cerebrovascular Diseases
• Sports Neurology
• Central Nervous System
• Vascular Neurology
• Neuro Medicine
• Neuropathy
• Neonatal Neurology
• Epilepsy
• Amnesia

Neuro Oncology involves the study of brain and spinal cord impairment which may include life threatening and dangerous tumors, specially of brain. Cancer spreads the nervous system by metastasis or can directly invade the nervous system. The commonly used treatments for brain tumors include radiotherapy, chemotherapy and neurosurgical interventions. Brain metastasis is of greater challenge for the researchers dealing in this field.

Neurological surgery is a type of surgery involving operative or non-operative kind of surgery to rehabilitate the functions related to the central nervous system involving brain and spinal cord. The need of neurological surgery is for the pain that may occur in brain due to some neurological disorder or some pathological process that may have resulted in different functioning of the central nervous system. Pediatric neurosurgery deals in treating the children’s nervous system problem such as head and spine deformations.

Neurochemistry is the study of Neurochemicals (neurotransmitters, neuropeptides) that have a direct impact on the functioning of the neuron. It also include the different chemical processes that occur in the brain.

Neuroimaging involves the various techniques involved in imaging of the brain and thus helping us to know the structure function relationship of the brain. Functional imaging is also used for the diagnosis of the various metabolic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and can be used for the cognitive physiology and neurological physiology. CT (Computed tomography) scanning is a type of Neuroimaging technique that use X-rays for imaging the brain from various angles. Techniques are emerging in the field of neuroimaging for getting the technique better every time.

Neuro cardiology is the study of Interaction between heart and brain. It generally deals with the effect of stress on the heart. The cardiovascular system is under the regulation of the nervous system. An appropriate balance in the hormone levels, kind of life style, environmental conditions play a very important role in maintaining a good relation between heart and brain.

Neuro- ophthalmology is the study of visual system disorders that further arises due to some neurological disorders. The visual system disorders include, eye movements control, pupillary reflexes.

Neuromuscular diseases are those diseases which lead to impairment of muscles and directly affect their functioning. Various Neuromuscular diseases include movement disorders, muscle disorders, Myasthenia gravis etc. Symptoms of Neuromuscular diseases include, muscle pain, numbness, double vision, breathing problems, movement problems etc.

Pediatric Neurology is the study of Neurological disorders in children. Some of the neurological disorders of children includes, Rett Syndrome, Muscular dystrophy, Congenital myopathies and pediatric sleep disorders.

Neurogenetics is the study of role of genetics for the proper development and functioning of the nervous system. The knowledge of gene loci show a good linkage of neurological disorders including Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. The major animal that has been studied for neurogenetics include Drosophila, Zebrafish.

Neuropharmacology is the study of drugs that are specifically used for the treatment of various neurological disorders, like Huntington disease, Alzheimer, Parkinson disease, Multiple Sclerosis etc. These drugs directly help in the cure for the neurological disorders. Research is going on for the treatment of the neuropathic pain.

Stroke is a disorder that occurs, when the flow of blood supply to the brain is blocked, or a particular blood vessel ruptures, thus leading the brain tissue to its death. Strokes are of various types such as, Ischemic Strokes, Hemorrhagic Strokes and Transient strokes.

Psychiatric Nurse is a nurse, who has specialized in the mental health and can take care of person of all ages which face a problem of mental illness.

Neurodevelopment therapy is a type of therapy that includes a holistic and individualized method (involving various therapies like speech therapy and physical therapy) based on rehabilitation of a person with neurological disorder. Neurodevelopment therapy is the best way to understand an individual brain injury and the movement patterns of patient thus helping in treatment of the disease that restrict movement or limit movement.

Neuro Immunobiology is the field that combines both neurology as well as immunology. It contributes in the development of new pharmacological treatments for various neurological conditions or disorders related to health. There are various neuro immunological diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis optica, Transverse myelitis, out of which Multiple Sclerosis is the most common and causes inflammation of the CNS.

Neuroanatomy involves the study of anatomy and organization of the central nervous system. The nervous system composes, Neurons, Glial cells and extracellular matrix.